ACHIEVE UPSC
Open Skies Treaty
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It was signed in 1992 and came into effect in 2002.
It is an agreement that allows its 34 signatories countries to monitor arm development by conducting surveillance flights (unarmed) over each other’s territories.
Therefore, the treaty established an aerial surveillance system for its participants.
Both US and Russia are signatories of the treaty.
India is not a member of this treaty.
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Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
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It was a nuclear arms-control accord reached by the United States and the Soviet Union in 1987 in which the two nations agreed to eliminatetheir stocks of intermediate-range and shorter-range (or “medium-range”) land-based missiles (which could carry nuclear warheads).
It also covered all land-based missiles, including those carrying nuclear warheads but did not cover sea-launched missiles.
The United States withdrew from the Treaty on 2nd August 2019.
New START Treaty
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The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) is a treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on measures for the further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
It entered into force on 5 th February, 2011.
It is a successor to the START framework of 1991 (at the end of the Cold War) that limited both sides to 1,600 strategic delivery vehicles and 6,000 warheads.
The USA has been worried that extending New Start would negatively impact an arms deal with China and Russia.
It is concerned that China’s nuclear stockpile could be doubled if the New Start Treaty continued as is, without including China.
The New Start Treaty also suffered from verification inadequacies and that the U.S. intended to establish a new arms control regime which would include China.
